روان درمانی - مرکز مشاوره اسپادانا

روان‌درمانی چیست؟

روان‌درمانی به مجموعه‌ای از درمان‌ها گفته می‌شود که به معالجه مشکلات سلامت روانی، مشکلات احساسی و بعضی اختلالات روانپزشکی کمک می‌کند.

روان‌درمانی بیماران یا مراجعه‌کنندگان را قادر می‌سازد تا احساسات و عوامل خوشحال‌کننده، مضطرب‌کننده یا افسرده‌کننده خود را بشناسند. همچنین به آن‌ها کمک می‌کند تا با روشی سازگارتر از پس شرایط دشوار بربیایند.

معمولاً دوره درمان کمتر از یک سال طول می‌کشد؛ افرادی که خواهان تغییر هستند و حاضرند در این خصوص تلاش کنند، اغلب نتایج مثبتی را گزارش می‌دهند.

روان‌درمانی می‌تواند مشکلات متنوعی از افسردگی و کمبود اعتمادبه‌نفس گرفته تا اعتیاد و نزاع‌های خانوادگی را حل کند. روانی‌درمانی ممکن است برای کسی که احساس می‌کند تحت تأثیر مشکلاتش قرار دارد و نمی‌تواند با آن‌ها روبه‌رو شود نیز سودمند باشد.

اگر روان‌درمانی با دارو ترکیب شود، شاید در درمان اختلال دوقطبی و اسکیزوفرنی هم مؤثر واقع شود.

چه انتظارهایی می‌توان از روان‌درمانی داشت؟

گاهی اوقات به روان‌درمانی «گفتاردرمانی» نیز می‌گویند، زیرا در آن به‌جای دارو از گفت‌وگو استفاده می‌کنند.

بعضی اشکال روان‌درمانی تنها چند جلسه به طول می‌انجامند، درحالی‌که بعضی دیگر بلندمدت هستند و ماه‌ها یا سال‌ها طول می‌کشند. معمولاً جلسه‌ها یک بار در هفته برگزار می‌شوند، یک ساعت طول می‌کشند و روند اجرایی در آن‌ها ساختاری دقیق دارد.

این جلسه‌ها ممکن است یک نفره، دو نفره یا به‌صورت گروهی برگزار شوند. تکنیک‌های مورد استفاده در این روش درمانی می‌تواند انواع اشکال ارتباطی، مانند نمایش، داستان روایی یا موسیقی را در بر بگیرد.

روان‌درمانگر ممکن است روانشناس، مشاور ازدواج و خانواده، مددکار اجتماعی بالینی مجوزدار یا مشاور سلامت روانی، پرستار متخصص روانپزشکی، روان‌کاو یا روانپزشک باشد.

روان‌درمانی برای چه کسانی مناسب است؟

می‌توان از روان‌درمانی برای کمک به افراد زیادی استفاده کرد. احساساتی که در ادامه ذکر شده نشان می‌دهد که این نوع درمان می‌تواند برای فرد مفید باشد:

  • احساس طاقت‌فرسای ناراحتی یا درماندگی.
  • ناتوانی در رویارویی با مشکلات روزانه.
  • دشواری در تمرکز بر کار یا درس، که بیشتر اوقات اتفاق بیفتد.
  • مصرف بیش‌از اندازه الکل، مصرف مواد مخدر یا پرخاشگری تا حدی که فرد به خودش یا دیگران آسیب برساند.
  • اینکه احساس کند علی‌رغم کمک دوستان و خانواده، مشکلات هرگز بهبود نمی‌یابند.
  • عصبانیت همیشگی یا نگرانی بی‌دلیل.

تأثیرگذاری

در روان‌درمانی، مراجعه‌کنندگان می‌توانند با فردی صحبت کنند. در این درمان راهی جدید برای در نظر گرفتن مشکلات ارائه می‌شود و افراد به سوی راه‌حلی راهنمایی می‌شوند.

شرکت‌کنندگان می‌توانند به درک بهتری از خود، اهداف و ارزش‌هایشان برسند و برای بهبود روابطشان مهارت‌هایی کسب کنند.

این درمان به غلبه بر مشکلاتی خاص، مانند اختلالات تغذیه یا فوبیا کمک می‌کند.

برای تأثیرگزاری روان‌درمانی، فرد باید فعالانه به درمان مشغول شود، علاوه بر آن، باید در طول جلسه‌ها و همین‌طور بین جلسه‌ها فعال باشد و برای مثال مهارت‌های جدید را تمرین کند.

عملکرد

روان‌درمانی روندی دوجانبه است و باید بین مراجعه‌کننده و روان‌پزشک رابطه‌ای مبتنی‌بر اعتماد برقرار باشد.

برای تأثیرگزاری این روند، ابتدا فرد باید مایل به همکاری باشد. سپس باید در جلسه‌های تعیین‌شده حاضر شود، هنگام توصیف علائم صادق باشد و برای انجام هرگونه تکلیف مشخص‌شده آماده باشد.

بعضی از مراجعه‌کنندگان ممکن است تغییراتی دور از انتظار یا ناخواسته را تجربه کنند.

بعضی افراد دوست ندارند وقایع ناخوشایند را مرور کنند اما این موضوع در تمامی تکنیک‌های روان‌درمانی اتفاق نمی‌افتد.

هیچ روان‌پزشکی نمی‌تواند پیش‌بینی کند که فرد چه‌هنگام خاطره‌ای ناخوشایند را به یاد می‌آورد اما اگر این اتفاق بیفتد، روان‌پزشک می‌تواند با مهارت آن خاطره را بررسی کند.

ممکن است روان‌پزشکی پرهزینه و زمان‌بر به نظر بیاید. اگر درمان واجب باشد «قانون برابری سلامت روانی» الزام می‌کند که شرکت‌های بیمه درست مانند مراقبت‌های پزشکی، هزینه مراقبت‌های سلامت روانی را پرداخت کنند.

با این حال، تعریف «منطقی و مناسب» یا «الزامی از نظر پزشکی» ممکن است با هم تفاوت داشته باشد.

ارجاع به روان‌پزشک ممکن است از طریق پزشک خانوادگی صورت گیرد یا افراد می‌توانند از طریق آگهی‌های دفتر تلفن یا اینترنت روان‌پزشک مورد نظر را پیدا کنند.

درباره نویسنده
مرکز مشاوره اسپادانا

مرکز مشاوره اسپادانا در شهر اصفهان فعالیت دارد. این مرکز مشاوره، افتخار دارد که کادری مجهز و زبده از روانشناس ها و روانپزشکان را در کنار خود داشته باشد. 

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